Thanjavur, also known as Tanjore, is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu renowned for its rich cultural heritage, art, and architecture. It was the capital of the Chola dynasty and is famous for its stunning temples, historical monuments, and classical dance and music. Thanjavur is often referred to as the “Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu” due to its fertile lands and is also known for its distinctive style of painting called Tanjore painting. Here are some of the best places to visit in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu:
Best Places to Visit
1. Brihadeeswarar Temple
Brihadeeswarar Temple, also known as the Big Temple, is one of the most iconic landmarks in Thanjavur. Built by the Chola emperor Rajaraja Chola I in the 11th century, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is a masterpiece of Dravidian architecture. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and features a towering vimana (temple tower) and a massive Nandi (bull) statue. The temple’s exquisite sculptures, murals, and inscriptions make it a must-visit for history and architecture enthusiasts.
- Key Attractions: Towering vimana, massive Nandi statue, exquisite sculptures.
- Activities: Worship, exploring temple architecture.
- Location: Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu.
2. Thanjavur Maratha Palace
Thanjavur Maratha Palace, also known as the Thanjavur Palace, is a historical complex that served as the residence of the Maratha rulers of Thanjavur. The palace complex includes the Durbar Hall, the Raja Serfoji Memorial Hall, the Saraswathi Mahal Library, and an art gallery. The palace is known for its stunning architecture, beautiful frescoes, and a rich collection of artifacts, including royal portraits, weapons, and manuscripts.
- Key Attractions: Durbar Hall, Saraswathi Mahal Library, art gallery.
- Activities: Exploring the palace complex, learning about Maratha history.
- Location: Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu.
3. Gangaikonda Cholapuram
Gangaikonda Cholapuram is an ancient city and a UNESCO World Heritage Site located near Thanjavur. It was established by the Chola emperor Rajendra Chola I and served as the capital of the Chola dynasty. The primary attraction is the Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple, also known as the Brihadeeswarar Temple, which is dedicated to Lord Shiva. The temple is renowned for its magnificent architecture and intricate carvings, reflecting the grandeur of the Chola era.
- Key Attractions: Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple, Chola architecture.
- Activities: Exploring ancient ruins, photography.
- Location: Near Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu.
4. Thanjavur Art Gallery
The Thanjavur Art Gallery, located within the Thanjavur Maratha Palace complex, houses an extensive collection of South Indian art and sculptures. The gallery showcases bronze and stone sculptures from the Chola, Nayak, and Pallava periods, as well as Tanjore paintings. The collection provides valuable insights into the region’s rich artistic heritage and is a must-visit for art enthusiasts.
- Key Attractions: Chola bronzes, Tanjore paintings.
- Activities: Exploring art collections, learning about South Indian art.
- Location: Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu.
5. Saraswathi Mahal Library
Saraswathi Mahal Library, also known as the Thanjavur Maharaja Serfoji’s Sarasvati Mahal Library, is one of the oldest libraries in Asia. The library was established by the Nayak and Maratha kings and contains a vast collection of manuscripts, rare books, and palm-leaf manuscripts in various languages, including Tamil, Sanskrit, and Telugu. The library also has a museum that exhibits ancient manuscripts, paintings, and other artifacts.
- Key Attractions: Ancient manuscripts, rare books.
- Activities: Exploring the library and museum.
- Location: Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu.
6. Schwartz Church
Schwartz Church, located within the Thanjavur Maratha Palace complex, is a historic church built by the Danish missionary Rev. Christian Friedrich Schwartz. The church was constructed in 1779 and is an example of Indo-Saracenic architecture. It features a simple yet elegant design and serves as a reminder of Thanjavur’s colonial past. The church is still active and holds regular services.
- Key Attractions: Indo-Saracenic architecture, historical significance.
- Activities: Exploring the church, attending services.
- Location: Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu.
7. Rajarajan Manimandapam
Rajarajan Manimandapam is a memorial dedicated to the great Chola emperor Rajaraja Chola I, who built the Brihadeeswarar Temple. The memorial features a statue of the emperor and showcases his contributions to art, architecture, and culture. The complex also includes a museum displaying artifacts and exhibits related to the Chola dynasty. The memorial is a tribute to one of the most significant rulers in South Indian history.
- Key Attractions: Statue of Rajaraja Chola I, museum.
- Activities: Learning about Chola history, exploring exhibits.
- Location: Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu.
Summary Table
| Place | Description | Key Attraction | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brihadeeswarar Temple | Iconic temple with towering vimana | Nandi statue, exquisite sculptures | Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu |
| Thanjavur Maratha Palace | Historical palace complex | Durbar Hall, Saraswathi Mahal Library | Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu |
| Gangaikonda Cholapuram | Ancient city with UNESCO World Heritage Temple | Chola architecture, intricate carvings | Near Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu |
| Thanjavur Art Gallery | Art gallery with South Indian art and sculptures | Chola bronzes, Tanjore paintings | Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu |
| Saraswathi Mahal Library | Ancient library with rare manuscripts | Rare books, palm-leaf manuscripts | Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu |
| Schwartz Church | Historic church built by Danish missionary | Indo-Saracenic architecture | Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu |
| Rajarajan Manimandapam | Memorial dedicated to Rajaraja Chola I | Statue, museum exhibits | Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu |
How to Reach Thanjavur
By Air
The nearest airport to Thanjavur is Tiruchirappalli International Airport (TRZ), located about 60 kilometers away. The airport offers regular domestic and international flights. From the airport, visitors can reach Thanjavur by taxi, cab, or bus.
By Train
Thanjavur has its own railway station, Thanjavur Junction, which is well-connected to major cities like Chennai, Tiruchirappalli, and Madurai. Regular trains run to and from these cities, making it convenient for travelers.
By Bus
Thanjavur is well-connected by road, with regular bus services from nearby cities like Chennai, Tiruchirappalli, and Madurai. The Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC) and private operators provide bus services to Thanjavur.
By Car
Thanjavur is accessible by road via National Highway 83 (NH 83) and other state highways. The city is well-connected to nearby towns and cities, making it convenient for visitors arriving by car.
Best Time to Visit Thanjavur
The best time to visit Thanjavur is during the winter months, from November to February, when the weather is cool and pleasant. This period is ideal for exploring the city’s attractions and enjoying outdoor activities. The monsoon season, from June to September, brings moderate to heavy rainfall. The summer months, from March to May, can be hot, but the city’s historical and cultural sites provide a refreshing escape.
Travel Tips
- Local Cuisine: Thanjavur offers a variety of traditional Tamil dishes, including idli, dosa, sambar, and biryani. Don’t miss trying local specialties like Thanjavur Biryani and traditional sweets.
- Cultural Etiquette: Respect local customs and traditions, especially when visiting religious sites. The locals are friendly and welcoming, and engaging in polite conversation is appreciated.
- Language: Tamil is the primary language spoken in Thanjavur, but English is widely understood and used in most tourist areas.
- Currency: The official currency in India is the Indian Rupee (INR). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted, but it is advisable to carry some cash for small transactions.
Itinerary Suggestions
One-Day Trip
- Morning: Start with a visit to the Brihadeeswarar Temple to explore its stunning architecture and rich history. Then, head to the Thanjavur Maratha Palace to explore the Durbar Hall, Saraswathi Mahal Library, and Thanjavur Art Gallery.
- Afternoon: Have lunch at a local restaurant and visit the Rajarajan Manimandapam to learn about the great Chola emperor. Afterward, explore the Schwartz Church and admire its Indo-Saracenic architecture.
- Evening: Conclude with a visit to Gangaikonda Cholapuram to explore the magnificent temple and its intricate carvings.
Weekend Getaway
- Day 1: Begin with visits to Brihadeeswarar Temple, Thanjavur Maratha Palace, and Thanjavur Art Gallery. In the afternoon, explore Saraswathi Mahal Library and Rajarajan Manimandapam. End the day with a visit to Schwartz Church.
- Day 2: Start with a morning visit to Gangaikonda Cholapuram to admire the ancient Chola architecture. Then, explore other nearby temples and historical sites. Conclude your trip with a visit to the local markets to shop for Tanjore paintings and other souvenirs.
Thanjavur’s blend of historical landmarks, rich cultural heritage, and stunning architecture makes it a captivating destination in Tamil Nadu. Whether you’re exploring ancient temples, enjoying classical art and music, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Thanjavur offers a unique and memorable experience for every traveler.
